Landfilling is an ultimate fate of any municipal solid waste management system, and it is a no alternative choice for disposal of municipal solid waste. The major environmental concerns associated with landfilling of wastes are related to the leachate generation and eventual discharge of leachate into the environment. Leachate quality is formed due to aerobic and anaerobic processes taking place in landfill. During aerobic decomposition of wastes, which is short in period, organic matters are converted to CO2, H2O and volatile acids. Anaerobic decompositon of wastes takes place in three phases, and methane, carbon dioxid, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide gases are generated. In order to prevent leachate from percolation to ground water, natural or synthetic liners must be constructed at the bottom of landfill. Babol municipal landfill is located in Angelsi region, 30 km southwest of Babol with general slope of 14%. The total area of this site is 4 hectare. Yearly average municipal soild waste generation of Babol is 136 mertic tonne. So the life time of this site is estimated to be 4 years. Generation rate of primary leachate in this landfill is about 11.8m3 per day, for waste field capacity of 0.6 cm/cm and moisture content of 70%. Steress due to vehicle is negligible (0.001492 kg/cm3). Leachate management system in Bobal municipal landfill is composed of three elements: leachate trench with low permeability of K=10-3 cm/sec, comprised of sand with 16-32 mm in diametere and depth of 30cm. Thus 10500 m3 of sand is used to construct these trenches in 3.5 ha of use full area available for landfilling. Leachate collection system is made of cement pipes with 15 cm in dimeter. These pipes are especially prepared for this purpose. And finally a liner made of local clay compacted in thickness of one meter, so the maximum conductivity of this liner was in the order of mangitude of 10-7cm/sec.

Landfill leachate presents hardly treatable, highly complex and very toxic environmental effluent originated in the municipal solid waste degradation process. Although, numerous treatment methods were developed so far, none of them alone could achieve permissible limits of the primary pollutants to discharge into natural recipients. The current study aimed to develop and apply the process to treat landfill leachate by simultaneous application of electrochemical methods, ultrasound, electromagnetic field and ozonation to achieve the legal criteria for its discharge into natural recipient and minimize its adverse environmental impacts. For this purpose, old landfill leachate was taken from the Piskornica (Koprivnica, Croatia) sanitary landfill. Prior to the treatment, the leachate was supplemented with NaCl (2 g/L) and subjected to simultaneous treatment with stainless steel electrode plates, ultrasound and recirculation through electromagnetic field. After 45 minutes, stainless steel electrode plates were replaced by iron electrodes and treated for another 10 minutes followed by 15 minutes of the treatment with aluminum electrode plates. Ultrasound and recirculation through electromagnetic field were also applied during Fe and Al electrode treatment. Finally, the electrodes were removed and the suspension was mixed with ozone for another 30 minutes and allowed to settle for an hour. Following the combined treatment, the removal efficiency for the turbidity, color, suspended solids, ammonium, phosphates and heavy metals was 99% or higher, while the removal of COD was 97%. All the measured parameters in the treated leachate were lower compared to upper permissible limit for discharge into natural recipient.

Introduction: The location of sanitary landfills is one of the most important environmental issues in cities. If the design of landfills is not appropriate, it will threaten human health. This study aimed to detect a suitable location for a landfill in Ilam, Iran. Materials & Methods: A questionnaire and consultation with experts were used to conduct the research. For this purpose, three main criteria of the environment (e. g., vegetation, surface water resources, and habitats of animal species), hydrology (e. g., groundwater depth, and distance from springs, wells, as well as aqueducts), and access roads/population centers (e. g., distance from protected areas, the prevailing wind direction, and distance from the main roads) were considered in this study. The data were then weighted based on Analytic Network Process, and Super Decision software was used to integrate the information layers. Subsequently, based on the studied criteria and sub-criteria, four areas were proposed for waste disposal in Ilam. Finally, based on the weight and ranking of criteria, their coefficient, and the paired comparison matrix tables, the most appropriate option was selected for landfilling. Findings: According to the results, location 1 with a weight of 0. 419 and a consistency ratio of 0. 05 is the most suitable place for landfilling in Ilam among the four selected options. Discussions & Conclusions: The results showed that Super Decision software has a good ability to locate the landfill.

Nowadays, wastes are known as environmental pollutants which can threaten people’s health if we don’t try to reduce them. Landfills play an important role in the network of solid waste disposal, and therefore, are considered an integral part of the new strategy of integrated solid waste management. In recent years, the design of a landfill has included the equipment for the control and transmission of gas and the use of energy of biogas.The landfill gas (LFG) is obtained through a number of bio-chemical reactions on degradable organic compounds in anaerobic conditions. These gases include methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, and so on. The assessment of gas generation rate and its emission from the landfill is of great importance in designing such sites and the successful use of the produced gases as sources of energy. After extraction and treatment, gases generated in the landfill are used for the production of the energy needed in industry.In this study, the emission of gases and pollutants from Shiraz landfill is investigated using the software package of "Land GEM" Sensitivity analysis with different values for k (rate of degradation) was conducted on them. The results showed that the amounts of methane and carbon dioxide were 1.5×106 m3/y and 9.6×105 m3/y, respectively. Besides, the highest quantity of methane generation is estimated for the solar year of 1400.

Introduction: Due to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns and increasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid waste management system, the most logical and most cost-effective method for municipal solid waste disposal is sanitary landfill. This method is a specific engineering operation which is done by solid waste disposal with minimal health and environmental risks using daily soil cover, creating impenetrable layer on the bottom of Landfill to prevent leakage of Leachate and contamination of groundwater, leachate collection system and use of layer of sand to control the methane gas. The area under study includes total Semnan city with 2291 km2 area. It is located between geographical coordinates 34 degrees, 14 minutes and 36 degrees, 11 minutes of north latitudes and 52 degrees, 46 minutes and 54 degrees, 11 minutes of east longitudes. The proposed location for construction of sanitary landfill of Semnan is 25 acres of land which is located 20 km southeast of Semnan.Material and method: In this paper environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste sanitary- Engineering landfill of Semnan city and comparing it with not to execute alternative (current landfill) by using a fast matrix has been done and Parameters have been evaluated on the basis of defined criteria.Results: Results show that adverse effects resulting from construction activities and operation are in low and very low level and the positive consequences are at low and medium groups. Soil and air pollution are the most important environmental problems and creating green spaces, employment, increasing income, satisfaction of local communities, increasing health indicators are the most desirable environmental factors of project. According to the results, sanitary landfill of solid waste in Semnan at the proposed site with regards to high potential design to solve the health problems in accordance with the reform options in order to protect air and soil and it is evaluated totally as positive action and will be permitted.

The increasing population rate in urban areas, along with the development of new population centers, lack of policy-making and evaluation of different urban activities and performances based on a general and holistic program (Land use planning), and consistent throwing of a huge variety of waste water and sullage in the environment, are all considered as the crisis-creating factors which has put the environment and the quality of human hygiene and health, specially urbanites subject to many dangers and damages. The aim of the present study is to select a site in order to sanitary landfill solid waste materials in Hajiabad on the basis of site-selecting scales and rules. The methods used in this research are procedures and capabilities based on geographical information system (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). At the early stage, the scales and rules for selecting an adequate site to sanitary landfill were identified, such as, slope, land use, distance from city centers and roads, surface and underground waters, soil, geography, and other criteria and required level with the capacity of at least 20-year landfill was estimated and the places where already covered this area of 2416 hc and the larger, out of the whole area of 238396 hc, were selected as the adequate places for sanitary landfill of solid waste materials in Hajiabad.

Landfill development in a place can potentially affect the physical, biological, economic and social factors of the place. This study aims to identify the appropriate landfill in Bardaskan city located in the west of Khorasan Razavi province and also to investigate the suitability of existing landfill for this use. To do this, first, environmental criteria affecting the selection of suitable landfill development site were identified, mapped, and weighed using the AHP process. Weighing results showed that geological criteria, distance from drinking wells, and distance from Bardaskan city with weights of 0.173, 0.172, and 0.124, respectively, are the most important in identifying suitable site. Aftertaht, landfill site selection was performed using Multi-Criteria Evaluation by WLC method. The WLC suitability map was classified into five categories, including very low to very high suitability, and based on this, potential landfill sites were identified. According to the results, 5% of the basin had very high suitability and 32% had high suitability for developing landfill site. Also, the existing landfill site based on the suitability map indicates that it is in a good category. In the next step, in order to choose the best site for the landfill, the Iranian Leopold matrix was prepared and completed for each of the selected zones. The evaluation results showed that among the investigated areas, the current landfill - with remedial measures - is the best place for landfill site in this basin. The proximity of water resources (rivers and aqueducts), a long distance to the city of Bardaskan, and unsuitable soil were the most important reasons for removing of other areas.